Sherman Civil Engineering

Roof structure with exposed layers showing how a roof protects a building as part of the building envelope.

According to Wikipedia, a roof is the top covering of a building, including all materials and constructions necessary to support it on the walls of the building or on uprights, providing protection against rain, snow, sunlight, extremes of temperature, and wind. A roof is part of the building envelope. The following illustrates the types of roof shapes: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_roof_shapes